The ones you’ll need to know for the AP Biology Exam are DNA helicase, DNA polymerase, DNA ligase, topoisomerase, and RNA primase:
DNA - mRNA via transcription - protein via translation
1.RNA is single-stranded.
2. The 5-carbon sugar in RNA is ribose instead of deoxyribose.
3. Uracil replaces thymine as adenine’s partner.
The synthesis of a polypeptide is ended by stop codons. There are three that serve as a stop codon. Termination occurs when the ribosome runs into one of these three stop codons.
structural genes, promoter genes, the operator, and the regulatory gene:
Bacteria are prokaryotes that come in many shapes and sizes.
Bacteria divide by fission; however, this does not increase their genetic diversity. Instead, they can perform conjugation with other bacterial cells and swap some of their DNA.
Viruses are nonliving agents capable of infecting cells since they require a host cell’s machinery in order to replicate.
A virus has two main components:
The thing infected by a virus is called a host.
Bacteriophages undergo two different types of replication cycles, the lytic cycle and the lysogenic cycle.
In the lytic cycle, the virus immediately starts using the host cell’s machinery to replicate the genetic material and create more capsid proteins.
The transfer of DNA between bacterial cells using a lysogenic virus is called transduction.
Viruses with a lipid envelope are called enveloped viruses.
Retroviruses like HIV are RNA viruses that use an enzyme called reverse transcriptase to convert their RNA genomes into DNA so that they can be inserted into a host genome.